Treatment for Tennis Elbow

Lateral epicondylitis, commonly termed as tennis elbow, is a result of overuse or repetitive stress to the muscles and tendons on the lateral aspect of the elbows. It is characterized by severe burning pain, difficulty in gripping objects, forearm muscle tightness, or pain and insufficient elbow and hand movement. Over the years, studies have been conducted to identify the actual cause of tennis elbow but until now no studies have specifically identified its actual etiology. However, studies have found out that most cases of patients with this condition are those involve in manual labors and active sports enthusiasts especially those who are involve in racquet sports. It is believed that the most common cause of tennis elbow is physical injuries or direct blow at the elbow site as well as overstretching the muscles and tendons located in this area.

To diagnose tennis elbow involves a series of steps since a single diagnostic tool has not been found to be effective. X-ray results of those who are diagnosed with this condition appear to be normal. Other diagnostic tools may also include Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), CT scan, ultrasonography, and other physical exams. Physicians perform this physical exam by applying direct pressure over the affected area while instructing the client to move the elbow, wrist and fingers. The actual diagnosis is made after thorough assessment of the signs and symptoms. Passive wrist flexion and resistive wrist extension are present during the assessment.

Since what actually causes tennis elbow is still unknown, the specific treatment for this condition has not yet been clearly identified. Tennis elbow treatment is usually directed on the management of pain and alleviation of discomfort especially when performing activities. Simple exercises like stretching are strongly recommended since it targets the flexibility of the affected part. These simple exercises can be performed whenever and wherever one prefers. Doing these exercises on a regular basis can help promote the strength and the flexibility of the muscles, tendons and ligaments on the affected area.

Some medications may also be prescribed for this condition. These medications include Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen and aspirin. A warm or cold compress, whichever is preferred, can also help in alleviating the pain and discomforts brought about by this condition. However, if the pain is too severe, corticosteroids administered intramuscularly may also be prescribed. An elbow orthosis, counter-force brace or tennis elbow strap can also be helpful. It aims to reduce the strain at the elbow.

More complicated tennis elbow treatment include ultrasound therapy, blood injection, botulinum toxin, lithotriptor or extra-corporeal shock wave therapy, low level laser therapy, sclerotherapy and trigger point therapy. However, these treatments have little scientific value. In rare cases, surgery may be indicated. It is performed to release the attachment of the affected tendon through the removal of a segment of this damaged tendon.  
To prevent the worsening and the recurrence of tennis elbow, certain exercises are recommended. The goals of these exercises are to prevent re-irritation of the tendon, to realign the muscle fibers, reduce muscular tightness, and reduce the tension on the tendons. These exercises include progressive strengthening exercises, massage, exercises performed with weights and exercises with physiotherapists. But as of now, the most recommended management for tennis elbow is lifestyle modification involving regular rest periods in combination with exercise.