Tendonitis/Tendon Inflammation

Tendonitis is the inflammation of the tendons characterized by pain during movement of the affected area. Tendon is consists of groups of fibrous tissue that functions to attach muscle tissues to the bones. It is also responsible for muscle contractions. Tendons can be very small as those found in the fingers and toes, and can be much larger like the one which is found in the heel.

Tendonitis is commonly associated with the poor circulation in smaller tendons. This lack of blood supply often results to delayed healing process. This area is commonly referred to as “watershed zone”, where tendons receive the least of amount of blood. Because of the little amount of blood circulating, this area is also at risk for low levels of oxygen making it more prone to tissue damage.  Tendon inflammation is thought to be more of a type of injury caused by overexertion and overuse. It is found to occur more commonly on people who are 40 to 60 years of age. As a person ages tendons become more fragile, more inelastic and therefore, more prone to injuries such as tendonitis.

It is also believed that tendonitis is due to the anatomical structure wherein the tendons are not moving along smooth paths which will then lead to irritation and inflammation. In these rare cases, surgical procedure is recommended. Symptoms of tendon inflammation include tenderness over the affected area, pain especially during activities in which the tendons and muscles are involved, and swelling of the affected site. In diagnosing this condition, X-rays and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are usually not needed although these are helpful diagnostic tools in ruling out other possible injuries such as fractures.

Common types of tendonitis include Achilles tendonitis, posterior tibial tendonitis, patellar tendonitis, rotator cuff tendonitis, and lateral epicondylitis or more commonly known as tennis elbow. Symptoms of tendon inflammation range from mild to severe, pains or local stiffness can occur that may often lead to a burning sensation surrounding the entire joint of the affected tendon. The pain and discomfort usually worsens during the day when a lot of activities are performed in which the tendon becomes stiffer and the swelling of the affected area increases. Stressful life conditions may contribute to the onset of the signs and symptoms of tendon inflammation.

The management and treatment for tendon inflammation involves a series of simple steps. During the occurrence of pain and discomforts associated with tendonitis, physicians usually prescribe the use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in combination with physical therapy, rest, and simple exercises that aim to promote the strength and flexibility of muscles and tendons. In some cases, orthotics or braces can be used. It is also recommended to apply a compression and elevate the affected area to reduce swelling.

Normal activities can be resumed after 2 to 3 days while the expected full recovery is usually within 4 to 6 weeks. Other cases of tendon inflammation management require steroid injections and laser therapy. The latter is commonly indicated for chronic tendonitis. Autologous blood injection can also be performed when managing this condition. It involves the introduction of one’s own blood into the affected area to promote repair and healing of the damaged tendon.

The recurrence of tendon inflammation can be prevented through adequate rest, protecting the area by splints and straps, and proper exercises or physical therapy. It is strongly recommended to avoid previous activities which caused the occurrence of tendonitis.