What are the Signs and Symptoms of Lupus

Lupus erythematosus is a category of an autoimmune disease affecting mainly the different systems in the body and targeting vital body organs such as the kidneys, heart and lungs. Other organs affected include the joints, skin and blood cells. Approximately 1.5 million Americans are suffering from lupus. Studies show that 90 percent of cases diagnosed with this disease are females. The four main types of lupus are systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, drug-induced lupus erythematosus and neonatal lupus erythematosus. Among these, systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE is the most common form of lupus. It is also considered to be the most serious form of lupus erythematosus.

Diagnosing this disorder is done through a number of diagnostic examinations since there is no single test that can diagnose lupus. Symptoms of lupus usually vary from person to person. Some people suffering from this condition manifest serious signs and symptoms while others only have mild symptoms. Among the most common symptoms of this health condition are joint pain or swelling, muscle pain, idiopathic hyperthermia, body weakness, and red rashes on the face or known as butterfly or malar rash. These rashes appear across the nose and cheeks, and may also sometimes appear on the ears, upper extremities, shoulders, chest and hands. Photosensitivity or hypersensitivity to light is common to people suffering from lupus. Skin rashes usually appear and worsen after prolonged exposure to sunlight.

Lupus is also characterized by shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing especially during deep inspirations. There may also be unusual hair thinning or hair loss, bipedal and periorbital edema or swelling, mouth ulcers, swollen glands and lymph nodes, body malaise or extreme body weakness. Reynaud’s phenomenon is another sign of lupus. Bluish or purplish discoloration of the fingers, toes, and other areas of the body characterize this phenomenon. With this condition, people may also experience migraine attacks, episodes of depression, dizziness and confusion. They also have higher risks for seizures. Lupus signs and symptoms may come and go and worsen over time. Different symptoms may appear after the initial diagnosis.

In some people diagnosed with lupus, only one system may be affected such as the skin or joints. Lupus may have systemic effects. People suffering from this health condition may eventually develop nephritis, pleuritis, vasculitis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, myocarditis or endocarditis, and atherosclerosis. The treatment for lupus erythematosus depends on the individual needs and may change over time. Managing the disease relies on the client and the physician.  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen and aspirin are commonly used for people with lupus. Since there is no known exact cure for lupus, the goal of treatment and management for this disorder is basically to minimize organ damage and prevent complications.

Symptoms of Bursitis

Small fluid-filled sac known as bursa functions by providing a cushion between bones, tendons and muscles around joint areas. These sacs are lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid with the same consistency with that of an egg yolk. This helps reduce friction between bones. It reduces friction between articular cartilages of synovial joints during movement thus, allowing free movement. It is at the point of contact of the articulating bones that these joints achieve movement. Bursae are typically saclike structures that are located strategically to alleviate friction in some joints such as the shoulders and the knees, which are filled with fluid. In some instances, one or more bursae may be inflamed. This condition is known as bursitis. With this condition, movement becomes extremely difficult and painful. Moving the tendons and muscles over the affected area may aggravate the inflammation.

This condition commonly occurs after doing extremely strenuous repetitive exercises and physical activities involving excessive pressure such as running, cycling, climbing stairs, and standing for long period of time. Trauma can also cause bursitis. A traumatic injury like accident or a fall may result in vasodilation allowing proteins and extra cellular fluids into the affected bursae leading to inflammation. In some cases, bacterial infection may cause bursitis. The most common areas in the body prone to bursitis include the rotator cuff of the shoulders, elbows, buttocks, hips, knees and ankles.  Other health problems may also contribute to bursitis. Examples of these health conditions are arthritis, thyroid problems, as well as diabetes mellitus. Unequal leg length has also been found to cause bursitis since this condition can lead to irritation to the hip bursa when performing activities. Studies have also found that calcium and crystal deposits cause bursitis. Some cases of bursitis are caused by previous history of surgeries like prosthetic implants especially on the hip.

Diagnosing bursitis involves medical history and a thorough physical medical examination. In some cases, x-rays and blood tests may be indicated. Medical history includes the client’s recent or ongoing activities, as well as joint injuries. During physical examination, the clinician palpates by lightly pressing the affected area. During this assessment, localized tenderness and swelling can be observed. Bursitis is suspected when these manifestations are presented with a history of a recent injury which occurred two to three days prior to the onset of pain and discomfort. X-rays are used to rule out other similar health condition such as abnormalities in the bones, arthritis, and calcium deposits. Blood tests are usually needed to confirm other underlying health conditions like gout and rheumatoid arthritis.

Bursitis symptoms vary from local tenderness and joint pain to stiffness, to a burning sensation around the inflamed bursa area surrounding the affected joint. Pain is the most common symptom of this condition. It may appear gradually or may appear sudden and severe. The pain experienced is usually characterized as dull and sometimes sharp. The pain and discomfort usually worsen during and after every activity and commonly worst a day following the activity. Stiffness of the affected area is commonly experienced early in the morning. There is also restricted or limited movement especially around the affected area. Directly over the inflamed bursa, redness and swelling may be observed. In severe cases of bursitis, there may be loss of function of the affected area. It is important to seek medical help when these symptoms are experienced and bursitis is suspected.

Hip Joint Pain

Hip pain is a common problem especially to people who reach the age of 40 and above. This condition is very confusing since there are many possible causes for its occurrence. Making an accurate diagnosis is important so that the condition will receive appropriate treatment and management. Traumatic injuries have been identified as the leading cause of hip pain. Other common causes of hip pain include arthritis, bursitis, tendonitis, osteonecrosis, lumbar pain, snapping hip syndrome, strained muscles, as well as hip and stress fracture. Inflammation usually leads to this painful condition. Pain, swelling, warmth and burning sensation are the common manifestations of inflammation.

Oftentimes, the pain brought about by this condition is not felt directly over the hip. In some cases, the pain and discomfort is felt in some other areas near the hip such as the groin or in the middle of the thigh. There area also some cases in which hip pain is only a manifestation of aches and back problems rather than a hip problem itself. Children who frequently experience hip pain may be suffering from developmental dysplasia or Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease. These childhood problems may not usually be very painful but these problems can eventually lead to problems with walking and a delay in growth and development.

It is recommended to immediately seek medical help for sudden hip pain since sudden occurrence of pain in these areas may indicate hip fracture. Older people are more prone to experience hip fractures. In aging, tissues such as muscles, tendons and joints, tend to loss its elasticity, strength and flexibility subjecting it to injuries such as fractures. Some health problems that lead to decrease in bone density like osteoporosis are also risk factors for hip fractures. People suffering with osteoporosis are more likely to have fractures by performing even simple activities that normally do not cause such injuries to others.

It is necessary to do essential measures that will manage hip pain. Pain medications can be taken in order to provide immediate pain relief. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs such as aspirin and ibuprofen are proven to be effective not only in relieving pain and discomfort but also in reducing the swelling. In severe cases of hip pain more potent medications such as corticosteroids and morphine may be used. It is also recommended to place pillows in between the legs when lying on your side during rest. This will help provide comfort.

It is important to keep in mind that although joint pain in hip is common, it is recommended to consult one’s physician when pain lasts for longer periods. Hip fractures are medical emergency and require immediate treatment and management. Home remedies for hip pain must not replace medical management as this condition can lead to serious complications when left untreated.

Paranoid Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder which is characterized by disorganized thought processes. Among its common manifestations include auditory hallucinations, illusions and paranoid or bizarre delusions. It causes impaired and disruptive social functioning. This psychological condition is also accompanied with disorganized speech and thinking. Diagnosing schizophrenia is done by a thorough observation and evaluation of the signs and symptoms presented, as well as previous experiences reported by the person. Factors that are commonly associated with schizophrenia include family history, environment, childhood experiences, psychological and social processes. Prescription drugs have also been found to cause and even worsen the symptoms of schizophrenia.

In most parts of the world, paranoid schizophrenia is considered to be the most common type of schizophrenia. Its characteristics include relatively stable, often paranoid, delusions. These delusions are usually accompanied by auditory hallucinations, and perceptual disturbances. In paranoid schizophrenia, disturbances in affect or mood, volition, and speech, and catatonic symptoms are not evident. The most common characteristics of this condition are persecutory delusions, reference, exalted birth, special mission, bodily change, or jealousy. Patients diagnosed with this condition often experience auditory hallucinations in which they claim to hear voices that give commands and threaten them. Auditory hallucinations without verbal form, such as whistling, humming, or laughing have also been reported in some patients.

Paranoid schizophrenia may occur with partial or complete remissions. Some cases of paranoid schizophrenia are also chronic. In chronic cases, the signs and symptoms experienced tend to last for years in which discrete episodes are difficult to detect and identify. Studies show that this mental disorder is usually diagnosed in younger men who are 17 to 35 years of age compared to women who often do not manifest symptoms until they reach the age of 20 to 30 years of age. Imbalances in the amount of neurotransmitters or certain brain chemicals are identified to be the main cause of paranoid schizophrenia. Other studies also suggest the strong link between this mental condition with complications during birth and problems in the early stages of life.

The primary paranoid schizophrenia treatment is antipsychotic or neuroleptic drugs. It has been widely proven to be effective in relieving symptoms associated with paranoid schizophrenia. Clozapine, Thorazine, Haldol, and Risperdal are examples of antipsychotic medications. Since schizophrenia may also be accompanied with anxiety disorders, anti-anxiety medications may also be prescribed. Counseling and other therapies are needed by the patient in order to manage this mental condition. In severe cases of paranoid schizophrenia, hospitalization in a locked facility or restraining the patient may be required especially if the patient poses threat to himself and to others.

It is important to understand that there is no known exact cure and treatment for paranoid schizophrenia. It is a lifelong mental disorder. The disorder may worsen over time especially if no treatment and management are done to relieve the symptoms. Having strong support system such as family members, close relatives and friends also play important roles in the progress of the client’s condition. Psychological and emotional support significantly affects the success of the treatment.

Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment

An estimated number of 75 million people across the globe, particularly in the United States, Europe and Japan, are diagnosed with osteoporosis. It is a condition more commonly experienced by women who are above 50 years old. Studies show that about 1 out of 3 women over 50 years of age experience fractures associated with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition which is characterized by a reduced density of the bone leading to a decrease in its strength. This will then lead to fragile bones, making it prone to frequent injuries and fractures.  

Osteoporosis leads to extremely porous bones. This condition happens when bone tissues lose significant amount of protein and other mineral content, particularly calcium. This bone disorder predisposes a person to injuries such as fractures which often heal slowly and poorly. Several factors increase the risk of developing osteoporosis. Some of these include age, gender, race, figure type, lifestyle and diet. This condition is more likely to occur on older people, postmenopausal women, Caucasian and Asian women. There are also some research studies which have identified family history as a factor for the development of osteoporosis.

Lifestyle modification is the effective way to prevent the development of osteoporosis. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have been identified as factors which may contribute to the development of this condition. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid smoking and excessive alcohol drinking. Caffeinated beverages must be avoided as well. It is recommended to reduce the intake of high dietary protein as this may increase excretion of calcium from the body which will then lead to increased risk for developing osteoporosis.

Diagnosing osteoporosis can be performed through radiography, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). It can also be diagnosed through quantitative CT and ultrasound. Screening tests with the use of bone densitometry are recommended especially to women above 65 years old. Osteoporosis treatment involves the use of several drug classifications such as antiresorptive agents and bone anabolic agents. The drug of choice for women suffering with this condition is biphosphonate drugs which fall under the category of antiresorptive agents. In some cases, osteoporosis can cause serious fractures and in these cases, surgery may be indicated.

It is recommended for people diagnosed with osteoporosis to improve their nutrition by consuming foods rich in vitamins and minerals that promote muscle strength. Food supplements containing calcium and vitamin D are essential. Calcium is important for bone growth and healing while vitamin D enhances the absorption of calcium from the blood into the bone. Several studies also show the importance of physical activities such as resistance, stretching and weight bearing exercises in maintaining and increasing bone density. Excellent examples of these exercises include aerobics, dancing, climbing the stairs, jogging, tennis and weight lifting. It is helpful to be exercising is at least 20 to 30 minutes three to four times per week to prevent osteoporosis.

Common Symptoms of Tendonitis

Tendons are defined as the sinewy connective tissue fibers that attach muscles to the bones. A tendon is also the structure that is responsible for transmitting impulses to the muscles during muscle contraction to cause movement. Sometimes these tendons Tendonitis injuries are more common in upper and lower limbs while less common in hips and torso. Common sites include the rotator cuff of the shoulders, Achilles heel, elbow, wrist and knees.

The exact cause for this condition is not yet identified. However, many research studies suggest that it is most often an overuse injury. It is a result of repetitively done strenuous activities. This condition is more commonly experienced by those who are 40 to 50 years of age. In aging, the tendons tend to lose its strength and elasticity subjecting it to frequent injuries and tissue damage. In some cases, the cause for tendonitis is the anatomical structure and in these cases, surgery is indicated to correct the problem.

Diagnosing tendonitis is done by a physician by a thorough physical assessment, as well as evaluation of the presenting signs and symptoms. Diagnostic tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and x-rays are usually not indicated. However, these diagnostic examinations may be used in ruling out other conditions that have similar signs and symptoms with tendon inflammation such as fracture. These tests are not use to confirm the diagnosis of tendonitis. The usual treatment depends on the types of tendonitis present.

There are signs which people who have higher risk of experiencing tendon inflammation should be aware of. These can be detected and recognized easily. When pain, stiffness and swelling is visible in a particular area, it is advised to take a rest immediately and immobilize that area to prevent further injury. Restricted movement without pain is also an early sign of tendonitis especially if it is difficult to move a particular area. Usually the pain that is brought about by this condition worsens during the evening and when waking up. The pain and discomfort is also present during and after activities that involve the movement of that area.

Symptoms of tendon inflammation may vary from mild to very severe. The symptoms may develop gradually and may persist for some period of time especially if left untreated. Early recognition and awareness with regards to the symptoms is very important so that immediate treatment can be made. Usually, there is pain over the affected tendon when used with pressure. Oftentimes, this is the first symptom experienced by most people suffering from tendonitis. There are also restricted movements as a result of the pain and discomfort experienced. It would be difficult to touch and move the affected area due to the inflammation that is taking place.

Other tendonitis symptoms include a warm and burning sensation over the affected area. This sensation is usually present after a particular activity and during periods of rest and sleep in the night. Because of the inflammatory process, the affected area will have swelling and redness. The edema can also be the result of fluid accumulation around the affected tendon. Usually these signs are indication of a worsening condition. It is recommended consult the physician for prompt treatment and medications.

Causes of ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder among the children, affecting approximately 5 to 12 percent of the school age population. A child diagnosed with ADHD exhibits increased irritability, restlessness, overactivity, as well as age-inappropriate inattention. Many parents face the burden of caring children with ADHD. Oftentimes, these children are difficult to deal with. Their relationship and other social interactions are affected. Due to lack of focus and interest to engage in activities requiring concentration, these children have poor school performance.

Parents should bear in mind that although children with ADHD experience difficulty in coping up with their school activities and social interactions, they are also capable of succeeding. This chance depends on the parents themselves. In order for the parents to meet the needs of their children, it is important for them to understand the nature of this behavioral disorder. Through this, parents will be able to freely accept the condition of their children. It is important for parents to know what causes ADHD. Unfortunately, the exact etiology of this condition has not yet been identified but research studies point out several factors that may cause the occurrence of ADHD.

According to some studies, there is a close association between ADHD and the environment. Some cases of ADHD are found in children whose mothers smoke cigarettes heavily and consume alcoholic beverages. Therefore, it is important for a pregnant mother to refrain from these activities when carrying a child in her womb. Heavy metal toxicity such as lead poisoning is also one of the possible factors in the development of ADHD. This is the reason why toys and other home furnishings are banned from being lead-painted. Many other health problems, particularly growth and developmental problems can result to lead poisoning.

Trauma and injuries to the head during childbirth has also been attributed to ADHD. According to some studies, children who experienced brain injuries as a result of accidents during their early years in life can lead to this behavioral disorder. However, studies show that there are only small portion of the population of ADHD children who experienced any traumatic brain injuries during their childhood. Other studies also suggest that using certain food enhancers, preservatives and refined sugar can cause ADHD. In some cases, increased consumption of these food substances can exacerbate symptoms of ADHD.

Most researchers agree ADHD is more likely associated with genetic predisposition. According to them, children who are diagnosed with ADHD have siblings, parent or other close relatives who are also experiencing the same behavioral disorder. For some scientists, they attribute ADHD with the anatomical structure of the brain. Although what causes ADHD may remain unknown for years, experts still continue to conduct studies and researches in the intent of knowing the exact etiology of this behavioral condition.

Why is My Child Hyperactive?

 Parents with hyperactive children oftentimes deal with many problems and concerns in dealing with their children. It is very important for parents to gain significant knowledge and understanding with regards to their children’s condition to avoid anxiety, stress and help build a stronger parent-child relationship. A hyperactive child usually has difficulty focusing, following instructions, shifts from one activity to another, loses interest and attention easily, and may sometimes exhibit destructive and disruptive behaviors.

Although all children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from hyperactivity, not all hyperactive children have ADHD. Hyperactivity is more of a result of several factors which will eventually fade as the child grows. It is important for parents to identify whether their children is hyperactive in order for them to be able to address the needs of their hyperactive children.

A child who is hyperactive also exhibits impulsivity, inattention, difficulty in performing and accomplishing tasks, increase irritability and distractibility, restlessness, difficulty in staying quietly at one place, and sometimes aggressiveness. It is therefore important for family members to gain significant understanding with regards to the occurrence of this disease, for them to be able to provide the necessary management for the condition of their children.

Some possible causes of hyperactivity have been identified by experts. Medical interventions are usually not indicated in cases of hyperactive children compared to other behavioral problems common in children such as ADHD. However, when more serious underlying conditions are suspected, it is strongly recommended to seek medical help immediately. This will prevent the condition from worsening and complications from arising.

The usual causes of hyperactivity include boredom, food sensitivities, excessive amount of glucose in the bloodstream and hyperthyroidism. More serious conditions which are thought to contribute to hyperactivity are nervous system dysfunction, brain disorders, toxicity and mental disorders. Sometimes, hyperactivity is just a normal part of the growth and development of children especially during the transition from their childhood to adolescence.

Nervousness, stress and poor parent-child relationship are also seen as factors for hyperactivity. It is important for the child to have a genuine relationship with each of the family members most especially, with parents. Other environmental factors may also affect the development of the child such as extreme poverty, stressful life events, chaotic nature of the weather, economic problems, dangerous and unhealthy living conditions.

Several studies also show that hyperactivity does have a familial tendency. Children who are hyperactive are oftentimes seen to have close relatives who are also experiencing the same characteristics and behaviors. However, in most cases hyperactivity is simply a phase of their childhood lives. Therefore, parents have an important role in helping their children cope with the condition and minimizing its unwanted outcomes. This can be achieved through providing their children with affection and understanding, offering them activities that will enhance their talents and skills, and providing them healthy diet, adequate rest and exercise. 

The Gout/Food Connection

Among 37 million of the population are known to have experienced some form of arthritis or rheumatic disease, especially the elderly. Gout is only one among the many afflictions of arthritis, together with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In the case of gout, uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints. This is brought about by the body’s inability to metabolize and process purines. This condition is common to men who are above 35 years of age, consume large amount of alcohol, overweight, and live a sedentary lifestyle. The American Medical Association identified common foods which are rich in purines. These foods include anchovies, sardines in oil, fish roes, herring, yeast, legumes, meat extracts and some vegetables including mushrooms, spinach, asparagus, and cauliflower. Organ meats such as liver, kidneys and sweetbreads are very rich in purines as well.

The most common signs and symptoms of gout are pain in the base of the joint more commonly on the feet, hand, knees, shoulders and elbows. Oftentimes, gout attacks may be accompanied with fevers and chills as a result of inflammatory processes. The discomfort is described as a gnawing pain accompanied by feeling of pressure and tightness on the affected area. Diagnosing this condition is through a series of blood tests and synovial fluid examinations. Gout attacks occur very suddenly, producing severe pain and usually last three to five days if left untreated. Recurrent attacks are common and tend to last longer than three to five days.

Several conditions can result in acute attacks of gout. However, experts have identified that it is most likely due to abnormally high levels of uric acid circulating in the blood. It may be due to overproduction or the body’s fault to metabolize and properly excrete these waste products. Cell activities produce these waste products which are known as uric acids. Crystals are formed when there is an increase in uric acid in the blood. Signs and symptoms of gout appear when these crystals deposit and accumulate in the joints. Hypertension is also attributed with gout attacks. Other more serious health conditions that may cause uric acid levels to increase include cancer, lymphoma, psoriasis, and anemia.

Since diet has been strongly associated with gout attacks, it is important to avoid these gout foods which can trigger attacks. Foods which are rich in purines must be reduced or completely eliminated from the diet. Examples of purine rich foods include meat, poultry and vegetables such as cauliflower, asparagus, peas and spinach. Legumes such as lima beans, navy beans and lentils also contain high amounts of purines. Seafood and fish are rich in purines, as well as crabs, cod, lobsters, snapper, salmon, tuna and trout. Oatmeal also contain significant amount of purine and therefore must be avoided. Beer, wine and ale can precipitate attacks of gout. Alcohol causes urate retention. Effective ways to prevent gout attacks include maintaining a desirable weight and avoiding alcohol, accompanied with physical exercises.

Chelation and Heavy Metal Toxicity

Heavy metal toxicity is defined as more than the normal accumulation of metals in the human body. Oftentimes, the signs and symptoms of this condition are mistakenly diagnosed as other chronic conditions such as multiple sclerosis, autism and chronic fatigue syndrome. Microscopic pieces of metals in which humans are most commonly exposed include mercury, aluminum, arsenic, cadmium and lead. Humans are exposed to heavy metals everyday and exposure to these toxic substances is inevitable.

These heavy metals may be found from the environment, diet, cigarette smoking, as well as during dental restoration or dental filling. These metals get embedded inside the body, and in other vital organs like the liver, heart and kidneys. Excreting these metals from the body is usually not a problem. However, those who are suffering from chronic diseases tend to have problems excreting the heavy metals which often result to further accumulation and build up inside the body. 

Studies have proven that numerous metals accumulated in the body produce a synergistic toxicity. Synergistic toxicity means that the toxicity level, when exposed to two toxins, is far greater than the additive toxicity levels of the two toxins. For example, a study conducted by a professor from the University of Kentucky, Dr. Boyd Haley, found that the mortality rate of rats exposed to a small dose of mercury or aluminum killed only 1 100 mice. However, when both mercury and aluminum has been combined at the same time, all 100 mice died, yielding to a 100 percent mortality rate.

Heavy metal toxicity is characterized by severe pain in soft tissues in body such as muscles and tendons, lethargy or weakness, mental deterioration, gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea and constipation, food allergies, dizziness, frequent migraine attacks or headache episodes, visual disturbances, sudden mood changes, depression, anxiety and other more serious nervous system malfunctions including paresthesia and paralysis.

Usually, these heavy metals do not cause problem. However, when free radicals react with these metals, a highly reactive chain reaction may occur. Free radicals are defined as atoms or groups of atoms with an unpaired number of electrons. These can also be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules. Free radicals are present in the human body and spread throughout new directions. The main problem arises when these highly reactive radicals react with important cellular components such as DNA, increasing the risk for more serious health problems such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

The most popular heavy metal detoxification program is chelation therapy. It involves the use of chelating agents - either intravenously, transdermally, or orally - to remove heavy metals from the body. The most common chelating agents are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid (DMPS), thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). These drugs act by adhering to heavy metals in the body, thus preventing them from binding to other agents which will then be excreted from the body.

During heavy metal detoxification, essential nutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin E are depleted since they are also excreted during the chelation process. Therefore, these vital nutrients must be supplemented during the entire course of the therapy.  It is also strongly recommended to maintain a regular bowel movement of at least 2 to 3 times daily. A high protein diet should also be practiced during heavy metal detoxification program since amino acids found in protein greatly facilitate detoxification. Heavy metal detoxification program may also involve the use of chlorella, garlic, MSM and cilantro. Physical activities and heavy exercises have also been found to help the body release toxins. It aids in improving the immune system of the body.

Detoxification therapy may take a great deal of time, ranging from months to years, to completely rid the body from all the heavy metals which have accumulated over the years. A number of adverse effects may also arise during the entire course. Regular consultation with the physician will help provide knowledge with regards to the improvement of the condition resulting from heavy metal toxicity.

Attention Deficit Disorder & Hyperactivity

Over the decades, several studies have attempted to identify the actual cause for attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity only to no avail. However, certain studies show the significant improvement in children diagnosed with this condition when certain food substances are eliminated from their diet such as food preservatives, flavorings, colorings, as well as significant amount of sugar and salt. In ADD, certain mechanisms of the central nervous system are impaired, resulting to both psychological and psychological problems. This condition is usually characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, increased irritability and restlessness. Children diagnosed with this disorder have poor school performance since they lack focus and determination in completing tasks. These children may also manifest absent mindedness, clumsiness, exhibit destructive behaviors, aggressiveness, increased distractibility and sleeping disorders.

The most common factors associated with attention deficit disorder include genetic predisposition, both bacterial and viral infections, as well as head injuries. Several studies claim that majority of ADD cases are seen to have close relatives who are also suffering from this condition. There are also several environmental factors which have been linked to the prevalence of ADD in children such as pollution, increased exposure to chemicals, nutritional deficiencies and certain food sensitivities or food allergies. Calcium, magnesium, iodine, iron and zinc are the most common nutritional deficiencies associated with ADD. Children with learning disabilities such as ADD are also seen to have an above the normal levels of heavy metals in their body. The most common metals that accumulate and build up inside the body include mercury, copper, lead, cadmium and aluminum.

Knowing the best treatment for ADD will remain unknown until the exact etiology for this condition is specifically identified. However, recent clinical studies were able to identify several strategies that can help in managing hyperactivity attention deficit disorder. These methods are based on the hypothetical causes of ADD. For example, ADD may be associated with the increase intake of sugar and food enhancers. Therefore, the ADD diet should, as much as possible, contain no refined sugar and food additives. Other food substances that should also be eliminated from the diet include dairy products and foods which possess significant amount of preservatives and colorings.

In cases of toxicity, heavy metal detoxification program may be necessary to remove the harmful metals from the body. Heavy metal toxicity can be diagnosed through various diagnostic procedures such as blood test, hair analysis, fecal testing and urine analysis. Spinal touch treatment and chiropractice can also help in improving the condition especially if a cervical segmental dysfunction is suspected. These are clinical based experience of some ADD experts.

These strategies may have different effects to different individuals diagnosed with ADD.  It is important to seek medical help immediately if ADD is suspected. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment and management usually result to better chances for both the parents and the children when coping with the condition. 

About Trichomoniasis

Although approximately 700 million people are known to suffer from trichomoniasis worldwide, the exact number of cases suffering from this condition is difficult to obtain. This is due to the fact that this condition is usually asymptomatic and diagnostic tests have poor sensitivity with this condition. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a protozoan known as trichomonas vaginalis. This parasite is known only to harbor on humans and no other living organisms. It is more commonly transmitted from one person to another during coitus or sexual intercourse although in some cases, it can be acquired from touching or coming in contact with damp or wet objects such as toilet seats and washcloths.

Studies show that it commonly occurs on women ages 14 to 49 years old. Both men and women can be carrier of trichomonas vaginalis. Complications associated with trichomoniasis include infection of the adnexa, endometrium, and Skene’s and Bartholin’s gland in women. Vaginitis is its common manifestation for women. In cases of men, it is usually asymptomatic. If symptoms are present in men, it is usually manifested as urethritis. Other complications in men include infection of the prostate gland, foreskin, glans penis, and epididymis. Other sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea may also cause susceptibility of a person to trichomonas vaginalis infection.

Onset of symptoms may appear 5 to 28 days after acquiring the infection. Trichomoniasis may be asymptomatic. However, in some cases it manifests some signs and symptoms such as foamy vaginal discharge which has a very strong odor and may appear yellow or gray in color, pain during coitus, burning sensation when urinating, and pruritus or itchiness around the genitals. Diagnosing this infection can be performed through pelvic exam and other laboratory tests such as culture and sensitivity test, vaginal pH, as well as DNA test.

The drug of choice for trichomoniasis is metronidazole (Flagyl). It is classified under a class of antibiotics known as nitroimidazoles. It can be taken orally or as a gel and applied topically. These topical preparations are usually used to those who are hypersensitive to metronidazole or any of its drug components. All infected persons are recommended to be under treatment regardless whether they manifest trichomoniasis symptoms or not. This is to prevent transmission of infection to others. Another important part of the treatment is to abstain from any sexual acts since this can pass the infection from one person to another. Complications of trichomoniasis include HIV and tubo-ovarian abscess

After complying with the treatment regimen, physicians will most likely refer them for other STD screening tests, as well as HIV screening test. This will help in identifying whether the person is totally free from any sexually transmitted diseases. Statistics show that 30 percent of treated patients experience the recurring of trichomoniasis. Therefore, it is important to prevent trichomonas infections from occurring again by abstaining from sex, engaging in a monogamous sexual relationship or using condoms. 

About Tendonitis

Tendonitis is a painful condition brought about by injuries and trauma to the fibrous connective tissues which attach muscles to the bones. The exact etiology for tendonitis is not yet known. However, studies and researches have found out that it is more likely a result of overuse. This happens during strenuous activities that strains and stretches the muscle tissues and the tendons.  This condition is commonly experienced by middle adults ranging from 35 to 55 years of age, although it can also be found in younger individuals. Aging is also associated with this painful condition due to the fact that tissues lose its elasticity and flexibility when a person ages. Common areas for tendonitis include the rotator cuff of the shoulders, patellar tendon, elbow, wrist and Achilles heel. It is less common in hips and torso.

The signs and symptoms of tendon inflammation range from mild to very severe that a person will experience difficulty and sometimes, can hardly perform daily activities. Tendonitis is characterized by pain especially when under pressure or touched, restricted movements, stiffness, burning sensation, and swelling around the affected area. Oftentimes, the cause of tendonitis is work related. Activities that usually cause tendonitis are those which involve being in the same position for long periods like gardening and raking, strenuous and repetitive activities such as carpentry, shoveling and scrubbing. Poor body mechanics even in performing activities of daily living and anatomical structure can lead to tendonitis. Other medical conditions have also been linked to the occurrence of tendon inflammation. These include rheumatoid arthritis, gout, thyroid gland abnormalities, infections and some drug reactions.

Diagnosing this condition involves a thorough physical assessment with the physician. Signs and symptoms are evaluated. Diagnostic tools seldom confirm the presence of this condition. However, certain imaging studies such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography can help in ruling out other conditions which may have similar signs and symptoms with that of tendonitis. The goal of tendonitis treatments is to relieve the pain and discomfort associated with this condition. At the onset of the first sign of tendonitis, which is pain, the activity must be stopped immediately. This will prevent further trauma to the affected area. Within 24 to 48 hours following the injury, a cold compress or an ice pack must be applied over the affected site.  The area should also be elevated to prevent and minimize the occurrence of edema or swelling as a result of inflammatory process.

Other tendonitis treatments include the use of over-the-counter pain medications such as mefenamic acid, aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. These non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have both and antipyretic analgesic and antipyretic effects which is helpful for the treatment and management of tendon inflammation. In some cases, when the pain is very severe, steroid injections can be considered as an option for pain relief. Seldom do physicians require an invasive approach such as surgery and autologous blood injection for pain management. But if the severity of the condition is too much to handle, then these methods can be used. Surgery involves the removal of the damaged tissue with an incision while autologous blood injection is a technique that requires the insertion of the client’s own blood directly into the site affected. This promotes tissue healing.

The best way to manage tendonitis is to prevent its occurrence or, if it occurred already, then prevent it from happening again. This can be best achieved by properly warming up before performing any activities. Having a break and taking some rest when performing strenuous activities can also help. Physical exercises are the best way to improve and enhance the strength and flexibility of the muscle, tendons and other tissues involved, making it an excellent way to prevent tendon inflammation from occurring again. 

About Marijuana Addiction

Cannabis sativa, or more commonly known as marijuana, has been identified by the United Nations as the most widely used illegal substance worldwide. It has been banned in many countries. However in other places, such as the United States of America, marijuana extract is used as a prescription drug. It is considered to be effective especially in relieving pain and in sedation. Aside from its analgesic and sedative effects, other medical uses of marijuana also include antispasmodic, anti-emetic, memory enhancer as well as to increase appetite. This has made marijuana effective especially as supportive care for cancer patients under chemotherapy. Weed, pot, mary jane, grass, mj, skunk, white widow and five fingers are only few of the many names used for marijuana.

Over the years, people argue with regards to the fact whether marijuana is addictive or not. Many claim that the use of this drug is not addictive at all. Users say that they are simply using the drug as a pastime, or simply as a way to socialize. Despite the claims of many marijuana users that it is not addictive, majority of the population believe that marijuana is indeed very addictive and destructive. The withdrawal symptoms itself prove that marijuana has addictive components that the body reacts with when suddenly stopped or not taken. Many marijuana users begin by smoking marijuana only to try and experience it once until they realize that they can no longer function and continue with their daily activities without using marijuana.

Smoking, eating and drinking are methods used in using marijuana. Smoking marijuana produces instant effects. The flowers instead of the leaves are used for smoking marijuana. Marijuana can be eaten as well. Cookies, brownies, candies are example of common food products prepared with marijuana. Tea, tincture and compress are also other methods of using marijuana. Scientific research indicates that marijuana can cause many serious health problems. Among its many negative effects include distorted perception, cognitive learning disabilities, impaired memory, tachycardia or increased heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure. In high doses of marijuana, hallucinations and delusions are evident.

Addiction to marijuana can affect the physical, mental, emotional and psychosocial health of an individual. Therefore, it is important to consider quitting this unhealthy habit. Although majority of its users admit that it is difficult to stop once you have been addicted to this drug, it is still possible to stop the habit by yourself. The most difficult part in quitting marijuana is not knowing where you will begin.  One of the most helpful tips in stopping the use of marijuana is to set an exact date and strictly adhere to it. This will allow you some time to prepare and adjust. Knowing why you are addicted and the consequences that come with it is very important. It will help you become determined with your decision.

It is essential to understand first why you are addicted with the drug in order for you to entertain thoughts about putting a stop with your addiction. The materials and stock you have in hand with regards to the use of marijuana must be disposed immediately. This is very beneficial in stopping the bad habit of smoking marijuana. If feelings of not being able to cope with the withdrawal symptoms associated with the use of this substance are present and difficult to deal with, you may consider seeking medical help. There are several associations and organizations that are willing to help people who are determined to change and stop the habit.

Tennis Elbow Causes and Treatment

Tennis elbow is defined as a condition that produces severe burning pain over the bone at the side of the elbow. Over the past years, many thought that tennis elbow is an inflammation of tendons and ligaments at the elbow area however histologic studies confirm that no inflammation occurs in this disorder. It is termed medically as lateral epicondylitis, and shooter’s elbow or archer’s elbow in layman’s term. It is an overuse injury commonly associated with playing tennis, badminton and other racquet sports but can also happen in other daily activities. Tennis elbow is also considered as a degenerative disease. Although the real cause of tennis elbow has not yet been clearly defined, many studies claim that it is actually caused by small tears of the tendons and ligaments located at the muscles of the arms.

Experiments conducted before have shown that tennis elbow arises because of overexertion. However, recent studies have proven that it is more likely a result of heavy trauma, direct injuries to the epicondyle or a sudden forceful extension. There is also one theory explaining that the presence of microscopic tears between the common extensor tendon, and the periosteum of the lateral humeral epicondyle is the reason for the occurrence of tennis elbow. This study showed that most of the tennis elbow cases manifests tearing of their tendons.

Studies show that most of the people who experience this condition are those involve in heavy workloads such as construction workers and other manual laborers such as carpenters, painters and gardeners. This condition is also commonly seen in individuals who are active in sports such as tennis, badminton, lacrosse and other racquet sports. This condition is characterized by pain on the outer part of the elbow or the lateral epicondyle, point tenderness over the lateral epicondyle, pain during wrist extension and lifting movements and morning stiffness.

Diagnosing tennis elbow is performed by the physician through the application of pressure on the affected area while instructing the patient to move the elbow, wrist and fingers. Other diagnostic tools also involve the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), X-rays, and ultrasonography. However, only a minority of patients requires diagnostic studies since some results are not that reliable for example, X-rays of patients with this condition may appear normal.

Treating tennis elbow involves a variety of procedures ranging from simple basic steps to more complicated procedures such as surgery. Patients suffering from this condition are prescribed with anti-inflammatory medications, cortisone injections, elbow braces. Exercises that are intended for the elbow are also beneficial. More complicated tennis elbow treatments include extracorporeal shock wave therapy, autologous blood injection and surgery. Extracorporeal shock wave is a therapy involving the use of sound waves to induce microtrauma to tissues that will promote the healing of the damaged tissues at the site

Since the etiology for tennis elbow has not yet been clearly defined, it is difficult for experts to identify the single most effective therapy for tennis elbow. It is therefore recommended for the population to rely on lifestyle modification for managing the discomfort brought about by this condition. They should improve the way that they perform their usual activities.

Tendonitis/Tendon Inflammation

Tendonitis is the inflammation of the tendons characterized by pain during movement of the affected area. Tendon is consists of groups of fibrous tissue that functions to attach muscle tissues to the bones. It is also responsible for muscle contractions. Tendons can be very small as those found in the fingers and toes, and can be much larger like the one which is found in the heel.

Tendonitis is commonly associated with the poor circulation in smaller tendons. This lack of blood supply often results to delayed healing process. This area is commonly referred to as “watershed zone”, where tendons receive the least of amount of blood. Because of the little amount of blood circulating, this area is also at risk for low levels of oxygen making it more prone to tissue damage.  Tendon inflammation is thought to be more of a type of injury caused by overexertion and overuse. It is found to occur more commonly on people who are 40 to 60 years of age. As a person ages tendons become more fragile, more inelastic and therefore, more prone to injuries such as tendonitis.

It is also believed that tendonitis is due to the anatomical structure wherein the tendons are not moving along smooth paths which will then lead to irritation and inflammation. In these rare cases, surgical procedure is recommended. Symptoms of tendon inflammation include tenderness over the affected area, pain especially during activities in which the tendons and muscles are involved, and swelling of the affected site. In diagnosing this condition, X-rays and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are usually not needed although these are helpful diagnostic tools in ruling out other possible injuries such as fractures.

Common types of tendonitis include Achilles tendonitis, posterior tibial tendonitis, patellar tendonitis, rotator cuff tendonitis, and lateral epicondylitis or more commonly known as tennis elbow. Symptoms of tendon inflammation range from mild to severe, pains or local stiffness can occur that may often lead to a burning sensation surrounding the entire joint of the affected tendon. The pain and discomfort usually worsens during the day when a lot of activities are performed in which the tendon becomes stiffer and the swelling of the affected area increases. Stressful life conditions may contribute to the onset of the signs and symptoms of tendon inflammation.

The management and treatment for tendon inflammation involves a series of simple steps. During the occurrence of pain and discomforts associated with tendonitis, physicians usually prescribe the use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in combination with physical therapy, rest, and simple exercises that aim to promote the strength and flexibility of muscles and tendons. In some cases, orthotics or braces can be used. It is also recommended to apply a compression and elevate the affected area to reduce swelling.

Normal activities can be resumed after 2 to 3 days while the expected full recovery is usually within 4 to 6 weeks. Other cases of tendon inflammation management require steroid injections and laser therapy. The latter is commonly indicated for chronic tendonitis. Autologous blood injection can also be performed when managing this condition. It involves the introduction of one’s own blood into the affected area to promote repair and healing of the damaged tendon.

The recurrence of tendon inflammation can be prevented through adequate rest, protecting the area by splints and straps, and proper exercises or physical therapy. It is strongly recommended to avoid previous activities which caused the occurrence of tendonitis.