Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment

An estimated number of 75 million people across the globe, particularly in the United States, Europe and Japan, are diagnosed with osteoporosis. It is a condition more commonly experienced by women who are above 50 years old. Studies show that about 1 out of 3 women over 50 years of age experience fractures associated with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition which is characterized by a reduced density of the bone leading to a decrease in its strength. This will then lead to fragile bones, making it prone to frequent injuries and fractures.  

Osteoporosis leads to extremely porous bones. This condition happens when bone tissues lose significant amount of protein and other mineral content, particularly calcium. This bone disorder predisposes a person to injuries such as fractures which often heal slowly and poorly. Several factors increase the risk of developing osteoporosis. Some of these include age, gender, race, figure type, lifestyle and diet. This condition is more likely to occur on older people, postmenopausal women, Caucasian and Asian women. There are also some research studies which have identified family history as a factor for the development of osteoporosis.

Lifestyle modification is the effective way to prevent the development of osteoporosis. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have been identified as factors which may contribute to the development of this condition. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid smoking and excessive alcohol drinking. Caffeinated beverages must be avoided as well. It is recommended to reduce the intake of high dietary protein as this may increase excretion of calcium from the body which will then lead to increased risk for developing osteoporosis.

Diagnosing osteoporosis can be performed through radiography, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). It can also be diagnosed through quantitative CT and ultrasound. Screening tests with the use of bone densitometry are recommended especially to women above 65 years old. Osteoporosis treatment involves the use of several drug classifications such as antiresorptive agents and bone anabolic agents. The drug of choice for women suffering with this condition is biphosphonate drugs which fall under the category of antiresorptive agents. In some cases, osteoporosis can cause serious fractures and in these cases, surgery may be indicated.

It is recommended for people diagnosed with osteoporosis to improve their nutrition by consuming foods rich in vitamins and minerals that promote muscle strength. Food supplements containing calcium and vitamin D are essential. Calcium is important for bone growth and healing while vitamin D enhances the absorption of calcium from the blood into the bone. Several studies also show the importance of physical activities such as resistance, stretching and weight bearing exercises in maintaining and increasing bone density. Excellent examples of these exercises include aerobics, dancing, climbing the stairs, jogging, tennis and weight lifting. It is helpful to be exercising is at least 20 to 30 minutes three to four times per week to prevent osteoporosis.