Relaxation Tips for Kids

People can greatly benefit from relaxation, as with meditation and recreation. With relaxation, there is low tension with the person’s emotional state. In this state, there is an absence of arousal, which often comes from sources like anxiety, anger, and fear. Relaxation techniques involve several strategies that help a person attain a state of calmness, and therefore reduce levels of stress. Relaxation techniques have various health benefits. These techniques help in decreasing muscle tension, lower blood pressure, decrease the heart and respiratory rate. The brain structure, which is involved in this mental state, is the frontal and parietal cortex.

Over the years, research studies have been conducted indicating the close relationship between chronic stress and physical and emotional health. The first relaxation technique, which has been proven effective in stress reduction, is meditation. Among the many problems that can somehow be solved by relaxation techniques include anger management, anxiety and panic attacks, heart problems, depression, migraine attacks, hypertension, insomnia, and pain and stress management. Relaxation techniques can improve the overall well-being of an individual. With relaxation, the functioning of the immune system, as well as other systems of the body, is improved.

In the present days, adults are not the only ones who can greatly benefit from relaxation techniques. Even children are exposed to daily stressful situations. Problems at home and in school can significantly affect their well-being. Therefore, teaching them several relaxation techniques is important. Learning these strategies will help them cope up with the tensions that are coming from the inevitable challenges and problems that they may face as they grow up. Good relaxation techniques have been identified by experts, which are designed to suit the needs of children.

Certain relaxation techniques referred to as formal and passive relaxation exercises, are performed while sitting still or lying quietly which also involves minimal movement. Deep breathing can help children relax by decreasing their respirations, heartbeat, and maintaining a normal blood pressure. The child is instructed to inhale and hold his or her breath for a few minutes and release it slowly. Playing the favorite music of the child can soothe the mind and body of this child. A particular tune, hymn, or instrumental piece can fight stress and provide distractions for the child. This will allow the child to relax.

Other relaxation techniques for children include meditation, laughter, toe tensing, massage, imagery, having adequate rest in between activities, e4xposure to binaural sounds, and power nap. Children can also benefit from a technique known as introvert. However, this relaxation technique is oftentimes difficult for children. It requires the child to reflect on the current situation which is causing him or her to be anxious and stressed. The child should exert an effort in identifying the actual cause of the problem. Children can do any relaxation technique whichever they prefer. All these techniques have one thing in common, which is to empty one’s mind, allowing the person to think of nothing, and relax his or her mind and body.

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Natural ADHD Treatment

The most diagnosed behavioral disorder among school age children is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or ADHD. It is often seen in males compared to females. Until now, researchers continue to conduct studies in the attempt to identify its actual cause since knowing its exact etiology will allow experts to know what will really cure this health condition. Children diagnosed with this condition experience difficulties and problems in socializing with other people, including their own family members and friends. With this condition, early diagnosis is important so that signs and symptoms will be appropriately managed.

Children with ADHD exhibit symptoms like overactivity, increased irritability, restlessness, and age-inappropriate inattention. Disruptive behaviors are common to ADHD children. Therefore, it is vital to manage these symptoms. The treatment of choice for diagnosed cases of ADHD in children involves the use of stimulant medications. However, the use of these drugs can result to disturbing and serious adverse effects that make the children and their parents worried. The adverse effects which are usually reported include sleeping problems, anorexia, weight loss, hypersensitivity, palpitations, and anemia. Because of this, researchers have identified several ways to treat and manage the condition in a natural way.

Studies suggest that the use of medications for ADHD can work best when teamed with various natural ADHD treatments that have been proven effective by experts. Diet is known to trigger the occurrence and worsening of ADHD symptoms. It is recommended for ADHD children to consume foods that contain significant amounts of essential fatty acids. Their diet must also be packed with vitamins and minerals like vitamin B6, vitamin B1, magnesium, iron, zinc and niacin. Children diagnosed with ADHD can also benefit from elimination diet. This means that diagnosed children should avoid certain foods that contain high amounts of refined sugar, preservatives, and food enhancers.

Many herbal products and plant extracts can also help in managing the symptoms of ADHD. A plant which has been proven to be effective in relieving ADHD symptoms like restlessness and hyperactivity is hyoscyamus. The extracts of this herb is known to be of great help in reducing fidgeting, tantrums, overactivity and other disruptive behaviors. For ADHD children who lack the ability to focus and concentrate on a particular task, a plant known as tuberculinum can be beneficial. It can also provide relief for children who are constantly irritable and upset.

Another herb, which is an ADHD cure, is arsen iod. The extract from this plant can help improve the balance of a child with ADHD. This herb is also found to be effective in reducing annoyance and frustration when an ADHD child has trouble in finishing certain task. Verta alb is a plant known to have a soothing effect on the nerves of hyperactive children. Other herbs that are used as alternative treatments for ADHD are ginkgo biloba, scuttelaria, avena sativa, lemon balm, green oats and ginseng. However, parents should consult their child’s physician first before deciding to use any of these herbal remedies for ADHD.

Drugs Used to Treat ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most common behavioral disorder among school age children. It is most common in males than in females. A smaller population of adults is also diagnosed with this condition. Children with this behavioral disorder are known to manifest overactivity, increased irritability, age-inappropriate inattention and inability to focus and concentrate on most activities. Early diagnosis is important in order to prevent the signs and symptoms of children with this condition from worsening. Diagnosing ADHD is done by an expert clinician through the use of a diagnostic tool known as DSM-IV diagnostic criteria.

There is no known exact cure for ADHD since studies have not yet been able to identify the actual etiology of this disorder. The goal of treatment and management for this disorder is to relieve and minimize the ADHD signs and symptoms. If children with ADHD do not receive immediate management for their signs and symptoms, their condition may worsen and greatly affect their home and school performance, as well as their relationship with other family members and their peers. The most common treatment used for children with ADHD is through the use of stimulant medications.

Ritalin is the drug of choice for ADHD. It is classified as a methylphenidate with other brands known as Concerta, Metadate and Methylin. It has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of ADHD. This drug immediately and effectively reduces the signs and symptoms of ADHD in children under the age of 18 years. It allows people with this condition to have a life which is as close to normal as possible. Among the many disadvantages that come with the use of Ritalin include nervousness, insomnia, dizziness, palpitations, anorexia and nausea. In rare cases, this drug can also cause drug dependence.

Another drug which is commonly used as treatment for ADHD is amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Adderall is the most popular drug under this classification. It is also known as a treatment for narcolepsy. Studies have shown that Adderall significantly reduces ADHD symptoms. The beneficial effects of this drug usually last for several hours depending on the dosage. However, this drug also posses several serious side effects such as body malaise or weakness, delayed growth and development, extreme weight loss, increased heart rate, and cardiac arrhythmia.

Some medications used as treatment for ADHD take longer time for its effects to be noticed such as Adderall. Other longer acting stimulants include Vyvanse, Daytrana, and Focalin XR. These medications last for 8 to 12 hours and therefore can be taken once daily. This ADHD medication for children is usually beneficial for those who experience difficulty in taking medications at school. There are certain studies that show the effectiveness of shorter acting stimulant medications for managing signs and symptoms of ADHD. Examples of these drugs are Ritalin SR, Methylin Chewable Tablet and Oral Solution, Dexedrine, Dextrostat, Metadate ER, and Methylin ER.

Other known medications used to manage signs and symptoms of ADHD are Intuniv, Strattera, Provigil or Modafanil, Wellbutrin, TCA or tricyclic antidepressants, and Risperdal. There are a wide variety of medications which can be used for children with ADHD. However, it is best for parents to consult experts with regards to the treatment and management of their children’s conditions. Medications coupled with exercise, adequate rest and sleep, as well as healthy balanced diet are best ways to help relieve the signs and symptoms of this condition.

Vitamins for ADHD

ADHD is a chronic syndrome of age-inappropriate inattention, distractibility, restlessness, overactivity and impulsivity. Over the years, researchers are continuously conducting studies in order to find out the cure for ADHD. It is difficult for them, as of now, because the exact cause of this neurological disorder is still unknown. But recently, experts were able to point out several possible causes of ADHD. These findings led them to the development of new treatments and managements for this behavioral condition.

The best-documented and most widely used treatment for ADHD is through psychoactive medications, stimulants in particular. Among the most common examples of these are Ritalin, Concerta, Methyline, Adderall and Dexedrine. But these medications have serious side effects that concern the families of children diagnosed with this disorder. Some common serious side effects include weight loss, anorexia, changes in blood pressure, sedation, increased risk for seizures, and growth retardation. Because of these side effects, several other alternative treatments have been used. These include vitamin supplements.

Although what actually causes ADHD has not yet been identified, many experts associate this behavioral disorder with certain vitamins and minerals deficiencies. Essential fatty acids are found to be helpful in improving ADHD. Foods that contain high amount of EFA include salmon, fish oils, walnut, and flaxseeds should be part of the child’s diet. EFA is known to help in the brain development of the child, and to improve its functioning. It is also important for parents to identify whether their children have some food allergies. Other herbal remedies like Chinese herbs are also found to be helpful for children with ADHD.

Iron supplements are recommended for children, especially those diagnosed with ADHD since many studies support that this condition is somehow related with low levels of some components of the red blood cells. Iron must be taken with vitamin C in order to increase its absorption. But parents must remember that excessive dosage of these vitamins and minerals are toxic and harmful for their children. There are various studies suggesting that zinc deficiency may cause hyperactivity. Although this mineral has nothing to do with inattention, it is recommended for children with ADHD to take zinc supplements. This will reduce signs and symptoms of overactivity in these children.

Another vitamin which is essential for brain development is the vitamin B6. This vitamin which is also referred to as pyridoxine, has proven to be as effective as Ritalin in treating symptoms of ADHD and with lesser side effects compared to this stimulant drug. Vitamins for ADD must be given together with a healthy and balanced diet. There are a lot of vitamins and minerals that are known to be helpful in managing ADHD. However, parents must first consult experts when considering giving their children vitamin supplements for their condition.  

Types of ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed behavior disorder, occurring in 3 to 8 percent in the school age population. It also appears in smaller proportion of adults. This condition is a chronic syndrome of age-inappropriate inattention, overactivity, distractibility, impulsivity and restlessness. ADHD is more commonly seen in men than in women. However, in adult-diagnosed cases, ADHD affects both genders equally. It is important to educate parents, family members and other caregivers with regards to the nature of ADHD, its complications and comorbidity, prevention, treatment, and palliation. A thorough understanding is essential with regards to ADHD since it is considered to be a controversial issue.

Experts, researchers and majority of the population challenge the validity of the diagnosis, as well as the most common and best-documented treatment which is the stimulant medication. ADHD is diagnosed by clinicians through DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The exact etiology of ADHD is not yet known but many research studies are being conducted in order to identify the actual cause of ADHD. Most studies suggest that ADHD has a biologic basis. According to them, most children diagnosed with ADHD have an immediate relative who are also suffering with the same condition, whether a parent, sibling or other close family member. Other probable causes of ADHD according to several studies include environmental factors, brain injuries, certain vitamin and mineral deficiencies and food additives.

The Diagnostic & Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders or DSM-IV diagnostic criteria identified three types of ADHD. These include the predominantly inattentive type, hyperactive-impulsive type and the combined type. In the predominantly inattentive type, all inattention symptoms are present while no hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms are seen. Some common inattention symptoms are lack of focus and attention to detail, difficulty in concentration, inability to pay close attention, difficulty in following simple instructions, forgetfulness and absent mindedness.

The second type of ADHD which is the hyperactive-impulsive type involves symptoms of overactivity and impulsivity. In this type of ADHD, no signs and symptoms of inattention can be observed. Some signs and symptoms predominant in this type include constant fidgeting, difficulty and inability to keep still or stay in one place, inappropriate hyperactive behaviors such as running and shouting most of the time, inability to quietly perform activities, frequently interrupts conversation and excessive talkativeness.

There are also some ADHD children who manifest signs and symptoms that are both present in the predominantly inattentive type and hyperactive-impulsive type. This subtype of ADHD is known as the combined type. Most cases of ADHD have the combined type. It is important to identify what type of ADHD does the child has in order to easily identify the goal of treatment and management to be used. The treatment of choice for ADHD is the use of stimulant medications. Although researchers have not yet been able to identify the exact treatment that will completely cure this condition, parents and other family members should always be there for their ADHD children to care and provide their special needs since these children rely on them on the hopes of achieving success. 

Natural ADHD Treatment

ADHD affects 5 to 9 percent of the school-age children. It is important for parents, family members, teachers and other caregivers to understand the condition in order for them to make the right decisions for their children. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a chronic neurodevelopment disorder that interferes with the capability of a child to regulate and control behavior, as well as to sustain attention to tasks in developmentally appropriate ways. Children diagnosed with this condition have difficult controlling impulses. It commonly affects males than females. However, in adults, ADHD is seen equally on both genders.

Over the years, researchers continue to study in the attempt of identifying the actual etiology of ADHD. Until now, no one knows its exact cause. However, there are several risk factors which have been identified by experts. These factors are seen to contribute to its diagnosis. ADHD has been associated with family history, certain environmental factors and chemicals, head injuries especially during early years in life, and food substances like preservatives and sweeteners. Based on these findings, experts have identified several helpful ways to treat ADHD in a natural way.

Special diets like elimination diet are found to be of great help in minimizing symptoms of ADHD in children. The diet of these children must contain significant amount of essential fatty acids which can be found in fish products. It is recommended for parents to eliminate certain foods that may cause the child to be hyperactive such as foods containing large quantities of sugar and caffeine. Common food allergens must be avoided as well. These include chicken, eggs, and seafood. It may also be necessary to offer the child foods that do not contain food enhancers and other artificial flavorings.

There are certain studies that point out the relationship between particular vitamin and mineral deficiencies with ADHD. Examples of these include vitamin D and magnesium. ADHD natural treatment may also include some herbal supplements such as traditional Chinese medicines can also be helpful for children with ADHD. Other therapies are found to greatly contribute to minimizing the signs and symptoms of this behavioral condition. Yoga is also considered to be of great help in alleviating symptoms of ADHD and in helping the child develop self-control and providing the child a sense of calmness.

Parents play significant role with regards to the progress of their children’s condition. It is essential for them to provide the special needs of their children such as understanding and affection. Children diagnosed with this condition may often feel left our because of the disruptive behaviors they often manifest. Therefore, parents must always be there to guide their children. Oftentimes, parents become impatient especially about the attitudes that these children have. Parents must bear in mind that usually these behaviors are due to the nature of the diagnosis of their children and not the choice of the child.

It is important for parents to cooperate and work together with other family members, friends and school teachers of their child. Through this, they will help their children in performing normal activities and help them suppress the symptoms of this condition. Parents, together with the educators, will be able to note the progress of their child’s condition.

Causes of ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder among the children, affecting approximately 5 to 12 percent of the school age population. A child diagnosed with ADHD exhibits increased irritability, restlessness, overactivity, as well as age-inappropriate inattention. Many parents face the burden of caring children with ADHD. Oftentimes, these children are difficult to deal with. Their relationship and other social interactions are affected. Due to lack of focus and interest to engage in activities requiring concentration, these children have poor school performance.

Parents should bear in mind that although children with ADHD experience difficulty in coping up with their school activities and social interactions, they are also capable of succeeding. This chance depends on the parents themselves. In order for the parents to meet the needs of their children, it is important for them to understand the nature of this behavioral disorder. Through this, parents will be able to freely accept the condition of their children. It is important for parents to know what causes ADHD. Unfortunately, the exact etiology of this condition has not yet been identified but research studies point out several factors that may cause the occurrence of ADHD.

According to some studies, there is a close association between ADHD and the environment. Some cases of ADHD are found in children whose mothers smoke cigarettes heavily and consume alcoholic beverages. Therefore, it is important for a pregnant mother to refrain from these activities when carrying a child in her womb. Heavy metal toxicity such as lead poisoning is also one of the possible factors in the development of ADHD. This is the reason why toys and other home furnishings are banned from being lead-painted. Many other health problems, particularly growth and developmental problems can result to lead poisoning.

Trauma and injuries to the head during childbirth has also been attributed to ADHD. According to some studies, children who experienced brain injuries as a result of accidents during their early years in life can lead to this behavioral disorder. However, studies show that there are only small portion of the population of ADHD children who experienced any traumatic brain injuries during their childhood. Other studies also suggest that using certain food enhancers, preservatives and refined sugar can cause ADHD. In some cases, increased consumption of these food substances can exacerbate symptoms of ADHD.

Most researchers agree ADHD is more likely associated with genetic predisposition. According to them, children who are diagnosed with ADHD have siblings, parent or other close relatives who are also experiencing the same behavioral disorder. For some scientists, they attribute ADHD with the anatomical structure of the brain. Although what causes ADHD may remain unknown for years, experts still continue to conduct studies and researches in the intent of knowing the exact etiology of this behavioral condition.

ADHD Medications and You

Stimulants are the most widely used treatment for ADHD. These psychoactive medicines are the best-documented and most rapidly effective treatments for most patients with ADHD. Stimulant medications can also be used together with certain behavioral treatments which also have well-documented effectiveness for most diagnosed patients. Although these medications are proven to be effective, its effect varies depending on each client.

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics Guideline, it is important to note the well-documented superiority of stimulants for most children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Stimulants are not only more effective for those with this condition but also safer than most other drugs. An exception, however, is pemoline or Cylert which in rare cases can cause liver necrosis and can result to the need for liver transplant or even death.

The two best-documented stimulants are methylphenidate and amphetamine.  Common examples of methylphenidate are Ritalin, Concerta, Methylin, Metadate and Focalin. For amphetamine, examples include Adderall and Dexedrine. The most important point about stimulants is that if the first one fails, the child still has a good chance of responding well to another drug under the same class. Studies show that about two thirds of children diagnosed with ADHD respond satisfactorily to either methylphenidate or amphetamine.

When taking these medications, it is important for the physician to emphasize to the parents the significance of carefully monitoring the side effects of these medications. The advantages of stimulant medication for ADHD includes specifically treating ADHD core symptoms of inattention, overactivity and impulsivity, medically safer than most psychoactive drugs and its results can be seen immediately. In 90 percent of ADHD cases, stimulants are seen to be effective especially if two or more of these drugs are tried in succession.

However, just like any other medications, these stimulants also have a number of side effects and disadvantages. Mild side effects may include muscle cramps, headaches, tics, sleep disturbances, and dizziness. More serious problems that may come along when taking these medications are loss of appetite, anorexia, increased heart rate, changes in blood pressure, depression, hallucinations, and delayed growth and development.

Buspirone, antihistamine, neuroleptics, and anticonvulsants are other ADHD drug classes that have been found somehow useful. However, these drugs are seldom prescribed to children with ADHD because of the many serious side effects and risks that it may cause such as hypotensive dizziness, risk of seizures, liver toxicity, endocrine effects, and sudden deaths.

It is important for families of children with ADHD to consult experts with regards to the condition of their children. Physician will evaluate the need for using these medications for their children. Parents must ask the physician to discuss with them all the possible benefits and risks of taking these medications so that they will be able to make well-informed decisions with regards to the treatment and management for their children. 

Why is My Child Hyperactive?

 Parents with hyperactive children oftentimes deal with many problems and concerns in dealing with their children. It is very important for parents to gain significant knowledge and understanding with regards to their children’s condition to avoid anxiety, stress and help build a stronger parent-child relationship. A hyperactive child usually has difficulty focusing, following instructions, shifts from one activity to another, loses interest and attention easily, and may sometimes exhibit destructive and disruptive behaviors.

Although all children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from hyperactivity, not all hyperactive children have ADHD. Hyperactivity is more of a result of several factors which will eventually fade as the child grows. It is important for parents to identify whether their children is hyperactive in order for them to be able to address the needs of their hyperactive children.

A child who is hyperactive also exhibits impulsivity, inattention, difficulty in performing and accomplishing tasks, increase irritability and distractibility, restlessness, difficulty in staying quietly at one place, and sometimes aggressiveness. It is therefore important for family members to gain significant understanding with regards to the occurrence of this disease, for them to be able to provide the necessary management for the condition of their children.

Some possible causes of hyperactivity have been identified by experts. Medical interventions are usually not indicated in cases of hyperactive children compared to other behavioral problems common in children such as ADHD. However, when more serious underlying conditions are suspected, it is strongly recommended to seek medical help immediately. This will prevent the condition from worsening and complications from arising.

The usual causes of hyperactivity include boredom, food sensitivities, excessive amount of glucose in the bloodstream and hyperthyroidism. More serious conditions which are thought to contribute to hyperactivity are nervous system dysfunction, brain disorders, toxicity and mental disorders. Sometimes, hyperactivity is just a normal part of the growth and development of children especially during the transition from their childhood to adolescence.

Nervousness, stress and poor parent-child relationship are also seen as factors for hyperactivity. It is important for the child to have a genuine relationship with each of the family members most especially, with parents. Other environmental factors may also affect the development of the child such as extreme poverty, stressful life events, chaotic nature of the weather, economic problems, dangerous and unhealthy living conditions.

Several studies also show that hyperactivity does have a familial tendency. Children who are hyperactive are oftentimes seen to have close relatives who are also experiencing the same characteristics and behaviors. However, in most cases hyperactivity is simply a phase of their childhood lives. Therefore, parents have an important role in helping their children cope with the condition and minimizing its unwanted outcomes. This can be achieved through providing their children with affection and understanding, offering them activities that will enhance their talents and skills, and providing them healthy diet, adequate rest and exercise. 

What to Feed Your ADHD Child

Children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder are known to have high levels of energy. They are characterized with increase restlessness, overactivity, age-inappropriate inattention and impulsivity. Some of these children are prescribed with certain stimulant medications that suppress their appetite, often leading to weight loss. Several studies also link ADHD to poor eating habits which can go either way. It could be that children with ADHD have poor diet choices or poor diet can aggravate the occurrence of this behavioral disorder. It is important for the parents to provide their ADHD children with foods that will meet their children’s required daily caloric intake and supply them with sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals.

Although the cause and pathogenesis of ADHD has not yet been completely defined, studies point out the link of this disorder to certain nutritional deficiency. The lack of essential fatty acids is found to be one of the contributing factors in the occurrence of ADHD. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid commonly found in cold water fatty fish and fish oil supplements. It is proven to help improve the circulation and brain functioning especially in children with cognitive disorders. Other food sources that are rich with DHA include linseed or flax seed, nuts and foods fortified with DHA such as eggs, bread and juices.

Neural functioning is impaired with ADHD children. They need food sources that will improve their neural activity such as Vitamin B complex which includes vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12. Vitamin B complex enhances the functioning of the immune and the nervous system. It is recommended for parents to consult first expert clinicians regarding the supplementation of these vitamins since some of these have serious side effects that can be harmful for their children. Green leafy vegetables and animal products are great sources of vitamin B complex.

Protein is also recommended for children with ADHD since they are hyperactive and restless. Children should have sufficient daily intake of protein especially during breakfast to sustain their activities throughout the day. Since children are picky eaters, parents should offer foods that are more appealing and at the same time contain rich amount of protein. Examples of these protein rich foods are grilled cheese sandwich, chocolate soy milk, peanut butter sandwiches, eggs, shrimp, orange roughy or deep sea perch, lentils, chicken breast, salmon and lean beef.

The growth and development of these children should be prioritized as well. Both calcium and magnesium should also be part of ADHD diet. These minerals also target the functioning of their nervous system which can improve their behavior and cognitive functioning. Milk, green leafy vegetables, whole grains and cereals are excellent sources of calcium and magnesium for children.
Other important substances that contribute to the physical growth and mental development of children are iron and zinc. Studies show that children with ADHD have low levels of zinc in their body. This mineral is responsible for the improvement of the immune system and can be found in beef, poultry and pork. There are also studies suggesting that iron deficiency contributes to a number of psychiatric and neurological conditions, including learning disabilities and ADHD. Parents should give their children daily iron supplements and offer them foods that are rich in iron such as red meat, poultry and other organ meats.  

It may take years for experts to identify the real cause of ADHD. As of the present, families of children diagnosed with this behavioral disorder can rely best on providing their children with the special needs that they require – love, understanding, and care as well as adequate and healthy nutrition.

What Causes ADHD?

Among 5 to 9 percent of the school age population is diagnosed to have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. It is characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, distractibility, increase restlessness, and impulsivity. It commonly occurs in males than in females although in adult cases, frequency occurs on equal proportion. Approximately 2 out 4 percent of adults are believed to have ADHD. This disorder has serious negative effects if not detected and treated immediately however, a lot of adults are remained to be unidentified and left untreated.

The cause and pathogenesis of ADHD have not been completely defined but there are theories stating that ADHD has a biologic basis. One of the best documented causes is the genetic predisposition although specific genetic mechanisms have not been definitively documented. Many studies conducted among families, twins, and adoption reported high heritability. According to some studies, ADHD is associated with dopamine-deficiency which is supported by the fact that most drugs used to manage ADHD acts by increasing the production of dopamine. Two dopamine genes have been found out to have significant relationship with the disorder. However, the two genes do not appear to be responsible for the degree of heritability found in certain studies.

Experiments through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) also found out that ADHD brains are smaller than controls found in the right side of the frontal area and basal ganglia. This finding explains the impairment in the executive function of children with ADHD. Executive functions has something to do with self-control and commonly deals with the management functions of the brain such as planning, inhibition of impulse, and voluntary direction of attention. However, other brain imaging studies such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and electroencephalogram (EEG), do not share the same result with MRI.

Aside from the familial tendency and heredity, a variety of pathophysiologic etiologies are seen to cause the occurrence of ADHD at least in small populations. Some of these include encephalitis, birth trauma, cranial anomalies, low birth weight, fetal alcohol syndrome and head injuries. Recent studies also show the close association of ADHD with heavy metal poisoning, viral exposure, deficiency in various minerals such as zinc, specific essential fatty acid deficiency, food allergies, abnormality and problems with the thyroid gland, and pediatric autoimmune disorders such as group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections like tonsillitis, acute glomerulonephritis and rheumatic heart disease. There are also some studies supporting the theory that excessive time spent in front of the television is closely associated with ADHD. Maternal deprivation can also be linked with hyperactivity.

Just like any other neuropsychiatric disorders, stress aggravates the condition. Since what causes ADHD is not yet clearly specified, various studies conclude that the development of clinical symptoms in ADHD is likely attributed to the interaction of genetic tendency with environment, both physically/chemically and psychosocially.

Types of ADHD

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is defined as a chronic syndrome of age-inappropriate inattention, distractibility, impulsivity and restless overactivity. It targets approximately 5 to 9 percent of the population of school age children, and a smaller population of adults. It is seen that more males than females are diagnosed with this behavioral disorder. However in adult-diagnosed cases, the sex ratio may approach equality.

ADHD has a wide variety of symptoms ranging from characteristics of inattention to hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. Scientific studies and clinical finding led to the identification of types of ADHD. Diagnosing different types of ADHD enabled clinicians to recognize different methods of treatment such as stimulant medications and behavioral therapies. ADHD is diagnosed through a diagnostic criteria called as the DSM-IV. The criteria are endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) as well as the American Psychiatric Association (APA). This is also used to rule out other mental disorders that can usually be associated with ADHD such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, psychosis and autism.

Some examples of characteristics of inattention include difficulty remembering and following directions, easily distractibility, difficulty in sustaining attention in tasks and  other play activities, does not follow or has a hard time obeying simple commands, appearing confused most of the time, inconsistent performance, sluggish, reluctant to engage in tasks requiring sustained mental effort, gets easily overwhelmed, difficulty working independently, poor study skills, and difficulty organizing tasks and activities. Children often seen with these manifestations, with the use of DSM-IV, are diagnosed to have Predominantly Inattentive Type of ADHD.

Other children, on the other hand, are seen to have signs of symptoms of Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type of ADHD. In this type of ADHD, children are seen to have inappropriate behavior such as frequently getting into trouble, difficulty standing in lines, making inappropriate noises, irrational behavior, engaging in dangerous activities, beginning tasks without waiting for directions, getting easily bored or impatient, hurrying through tasks, disturbing others, and hurting or hitting others when upset.

In some cases, signs and symptoms in both types of ADHD can be seen together. This is classified as the Combined Type of ADHD. This type of ADHD is commonly seen as the child grows in which the inattentive symptoms become developmentally significant. Other common characteristics of children with ADHD include procrastination, getting easily frustrated, overly reactive, has difficulty being disciplined, aggressive behavior, low self-esteem, poor handwriting, over sensitivity to stimuli, motivational difficulties, and school performance difficulties.

Another way of classifying ADHD is identified by a psychiatrist and expert clinician from Amen Clinics in the United States. It is done through brain scanning involving dyes and CT scans. He defined these types of ADHD as the Classic, Inattentive, Overfocused, Temporal Lobe, Limbic ADHD and the RING OF FIRE. The basis for Amen’s types of ADHD is the hallmark symptoms which include brief attention span, disorganized thinking, procrastination, distractibility and poor self-control. This method of classifying ADHD is not generally accepted since the procedure of diagnosing psychiatric problems in children and in adults has no scientific basis as of the present. The American Psychiatric Association (APA), however, admits that brain imaging techniques can be used in the near future for the diagnosis of other psychiatric disorders.

Help for Parents with ADHD Children

ADHD is the most common behavioral problem occurring to 5 to 9 percent among the school age population. It is characterized by extreme hyperactivity, restlessness, irritability, difficulty in concentration and age-inappropriate inattention. It is commonly diagnosed in males than in females. Children with ADHD, if not diagnosed and treated early, can have more serious problems in terms of socializing, performing in school and relating with others as well as with their own family members.

One of the key concepts in managing ADHD is to understand that it is a life-long disorder requiring teamwork among the family members, parents, teachers, caregivers and the healthcare provider. They should be aware that symptoms of ADHD can be controlled and minimized. Parents should also understand that although it is debilitating and exhausting to care for children with ADHD, it is also possible for these children to succeed. Parents play a crucial role in the progress of children diagnosed with this behavioral problem.

Guiding them in decision making, helping them gain self-confidence and controlling their impulses are just few of the many roles and responsibilities of parents in caring for their children with ADHD. Constant and consistent care for these children helps them adjust, cope and improve their present condition. When children do something that makes parents lose their temper, they should bear in mind that their children did not do it on purpose but instead did it because of the fact that they lack the ability to control their thoughts and their selves. Always remembering this principle will help parents adjust to the behavior of their children and allow them to respond to their children in a more supportive and beneficial way.

Staying positive is important for parents. They themselves should value the essence of being optimists. By doing so, parents will set perfect examples for their children and promote a more cooperative environment for the both of them. Positive attitude are considered to be the best asset of parents in dealing with their children. It enables the parent to have a more calm approach in dealing with the child. Steps that will help parents maintain positive attitude is by keeping things in perspective and believing in the abilities of their child.

Another recommended strategy for parents is to help their children stay focused and organized by sticking to a routine, simplifying the child’s schedule, and maintaining a quiet and calm environment. Keeping the child busy by getting them involved in sports, art classes and other simple activities will help parents avoid problems and chaos inside the house.

Parents are also expected to set limits, rules and clear expectations with their children. These children require a consistent and conscientious routine to understand and obey.  Rules in the family should be made simple and clear so that children will not have difficulty in following them. Praising their children with every positive things or tasks accomplished is another effective way for parents in dealing with their children.

Physical activity and adequate rest is vital to a child with ADHD. Parents should promote and encourage activities that can help in the physical development of their children as well as with the development of their skills. Physical activity can improve mental health, decrease feelings of depression, anxiety and can promote intellectual as well as emotional abilities. Sleep on the other hand allows for the growth and development of their children. Some measures in helping the child get enough sleep is by setting a consistent and early bedtime, decreasing the amount of time spent in front of the television, allowing time for bedtime stories, aromatherapies and use of relaxing music.

Nutrition plays a significant role in helping the child with ADHD. Parents should give importance in offering their children nutritious foods and they should understand the need of providing adequate nutrients for their children. A vitamin and mineral supplement, green leafy vegetables and other healthy sources of protein are very essential. Parents should develop their children’s habit of consuming healthy foods and eliminating foods that are not important like junk foods, candies, and other sweets.

Help for parents of ADHD children is made available from published studies, books, clinical consultations and other materials. They have all the resources that will help and guide them in taking care and managing their children’s condition. Parents should always remember that the future of their children depends primarily on them. Their children have the capacity to succeed and gain control over their conditions when given and provided with the special needs and attention they require.

ADHD Books to Read

Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, its definition, etiology, course, and complications is an important strategy for the healthcare providers as well as the family. It will enable and guide them in dealing with the child and managing the diagnosis. ADHD is the most common behavioral disorder in North America occurring in 3% to 8% among school children. Children with this behavioral problem are manifested by excessive distractibility, impulsivity, restlessness and overactivity. They may also tend to have age-inappropriate inattention. Studies have also shown that it occur more frequently in males than in females.

Clinicians play a vital role in helping the family identify and understand the nature of the disease, its possible complications and comorbidity, pathogenesis, prevention, treatment and palliation. For any disorder it is important to have a thorough understanding especially if it considered as a controversial issue. Over the past years, the diagnosis of ADHD has been constantly argued and questioned by medical and lay critics; others also criticize the effectiveness of the most common and best-documented treatment and the use of stimulants and other behavioral therapies.

Studies and researches have been compiled and published over the years in order to provide a guide and a practical reference for parents and teachers and other interested individuals gain insight into a better understanding of the behavioral disorder. The ADD/ADHD Checklist by Sandra Rief is an example. It aims to aid parents and teachers in understanding children and teenagers with ADHD. The book focuses on specific strategies, supports and interventions that have been proven to be effective in managing common problems associated with ADHD.  It is structured in a brief, simple and user-friendly way that discusses a variety of topics.

Another book that discusses this behavioral problem is Paul Wender’s ADHD in Children and in Adults. Wender is one of the first advocates of stimulant medications in the treatment of ADHD. In this book, he emphasized the benefits of using stimulants especially in the treatment of this life-long behavioral disorder. ADHD in Adults: What the Science Say by Russell Barkley is a book dedicated for the adults who are self-referred to clinics. One major topic discussed in the book is a comparison between adults who are self-referred to clinics and those children with ADHD followed to adulthood. This is the first and only book to discuss the said study. It gives a unique glimpse at the similarities as well as the differences between the two populations diagnosed with ADHD.

Barkley also published another book entitled Taking Charge of ADHD. It aims to empower parents by providing them with the recent, up-to-date knowledge and expert guidance that they need to ensure the adequacy of the care they give to their children. He saw the need to teach parents to have a scientific approach in obtaining information concerning the diagnosis of their children. The information Barkley offers in his book are based on his clinical experiences with thousands of families with children diagnosed with ADHD. The recommendations he made in this book have been drawn from extensive scientific research although he admits that everything one should know about ADHD cannot be found in this book. Its goal is provide the parents with knowledge on executive parenthood, skills on scientific inquiry and principle-centered action.

Silvia DeRuvo’s Strategies for Teaching Adolescents with ADHD also offers significant information that highlights working with ADHD students. This book will help the teachers in guiding their adolescent students with ADHD succeed in their studies. Succeeding in school is one of the most therapeutic things that can happen to a student with ADHD as claimed in the book. It is an important tool and can be of great help in managing classes and lectures with ADHD students.

A lot of ADHD books to read are made available nowadays especially with the rise in the incidence of ADHD worldwide. These books may have contradicting information; one may be against the use of treatments such as stimulant medications while others may strongly advocate the use of such. Whichever treatment or book is chosen to be read, all of them have one thing in common, they offer to provide significant and relevant information that can help families, teachers, and other concerned individuals deal and cope with ADHD.

NATURAL REMEDIES FOR ADHD

It is not easy to have a child diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Children who are diagnosed with ADHD have a poor performance in school, lack social skills, have few friends, suffer physical health problems and have poor relationship with their parents and other family members.

ADHD is a chronic syndrome of age-inappropriate inattention, distractibility, impulsivity, and restless overactivity.¹ It is the most common diagnosed behavior in North America, occurring in 3% to 8% among school children.² ADHD affects not only the patient but also parents, siblings, friends, and school staff. The main issue now is to educate the people close to the patients- parents, family members and their significant others (in the case of adult patients) regarding its causes, prevention, treatment and palliation.

There are well-established medications and behavioral treatments for ADHD including the two-best documented stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine.³ There are also other treatments proposed for treating patients with ADHD in a natural way. These were based from scientific documentation and clinical trials. One example is elimination diets (Feingold, oligoantigenic, few foods) which have proven in some selected subgroups that it is as good as some drugs and behavioral techniques.

Some alternative treatments were also highlighted during the November 1998 NIH Consensus Development Conference.⁴ These include enzyme-potentiated desensitization which targets food or additive sensitivity, elimination of sugar alone, amino acid supplementation which is a precursor of catecholamines and serotonin, essential fatty acid supplementation, L-carnitine which promotes EFA (essential fatty acid) metabolism, vitamins, iron supplementation which is a co-factor in making catecholamines, zinc supplementation which serves as a co-factor for many enzymes, Chinese herbals which is based from clinical experience,  homeopathic preparations, laser acupuncture which stimulates foci for calming, EEG biofeedback which acts by suppressing theta while increasing beta, relaxation training which lowers arousal and enhances muscle tone, meditation which promotes autonomic effect and enhances focused attention, hypnosis which lowers arousal, mirror feedback which improves deficient self-awareness, channel-specific perceptual training which enhances basic readiness skills and focus, vestibular stimulation which modulates behavior, attention, perception; and massage which provides muscular soothing.

It should however be noted that when using alternative treatments for ADHD, the family should consult an expert clinician. This does not mean that these alternative treatments are ineffective but these treatments should be proven scientifically first before being used as treatment for ADHD. The clinicians should discuss these treatments comprehensively with the family as well as the risks that may come along with the treatment and the scientific basis for efficacy of the treatment. This will help the family decide whether the possible benefit is worth the expense and risk and will aid the family in choosing the best treatment for their loved one.

References:

1. Arnold LE: Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 2002;1:5.

2. Richters JE, Arnold LE, Jensen PS, et al: The NIMH collaborative multisite multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD (MTA): I. Background and rationale. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;34:987-1000.

3. Arnold LE: Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 2002;4:76-79.

4. Arnold LE: Treatment alternatives for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Attention Dis 1999;3:30-48.