What are the Signs and Symptoms of Lupus

Lupus erythematosus is a category of an autoimmune disease affecting mainly the different systems in the body and targeting vital body organs such as the kidneys, heart and lungs. Other organs affected include the joints, skin and blood cells. Approximately 1.5 million Americans are suffering from lupus. Studies show that 90 percent of cases diagnosed with this disease are females. The four main types of lupus are systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, drug-induced lupus erythematosus and neonatal lupus erythematosus. Among these, systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE is the most common form of lupus. It is also considered to be the most serious form of lupus erythematosus.

Diagnosing this disorder is done through a number of diagnostic examinations since there is no single test that can diagnose lupus. Symptoms of lupus usually vary from person to person. Some people suffering from this condition manifest serious signs and symptoms while others only have mild symptoms. Among the most common symptoms of this health condition are joint pain or swelling, muscle pain, idiopathic hyperthermia, body weakness, and red rashes on the face or known as butterfly or malar rash. These rashes appear across the nose and cheeks, and may also sometimes appear on the ears, upper extremities, shoulders, chest and hands. Photosensitivity or hypersensitivity to light is common to people suffering from lupus. Skin rashes usually appear and worsen after prolonged exposure to sunlight.

Lupus is also characterized by shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing especially during deep inspirations. There may also be unusual hair thinning or hair loss, bipedal and periorbital edema or swelling, mouth ulcers, swollen glands and lymph nodes, body malaise or extreme body weakness. Reynaud’s phenomenon is another sign of lupus. Bluish or purplish discoloration of the fingers, toes, and other areas of the body characterize this phenomenon. With this condition, people may also experience migraine attacks, episodes of depression, dizziness and confusion. They also have higher risks for seizures. Lupus signs and symptoms may come and go and worsen over time. Different symptoms may appear after the initial diagnosis.

In some people diagnosed with lupus, only one system may be affected such as the skin or joints. Lupus may have systemic effects. People suffering from this health condition may eventually develop nephritis, pleuritis, vasculitis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, myocarditis or endocarditis, and atherosclerosis. The treatment for lupus erythematosus depends on the individual needs and may change over time. Managing the disease relies on the client and the physician.  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen and aspirin are commonly used for people with lupus. Since there is no known exact cure for lupus, the goal of treatment and management for this disorder is basically to minimize organ damage and prevent complications.